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If smokers smoke for nicotine, why isn't nicotine replacement treatment more effective?
Peter Hajek

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Abstract
Even with the best current treatments, NRT or others, most smokers fail in their quit attempt. The presentation discusses the riddle of the title. A range of possible explanations is considered, including the effect of other chemicals in tobacco smoke, insufficient dosing, insufficient speed of delivery, insufficient duration of use, lack of targeting types of smokers likely to benefit from NRT, unappealing presentation of treatment, and limitations of focusing on withdrawal relief alone. There exists limited experimental evidence for at least some of these pointers. There may well be scope for improving efficacy of the existing NRT products e.g. via improving the targeting of treatment, NRT pre-loading prior to smoking cessation, and prolonged NRT use. Developing faster and higher delivery products for long-term use which would replace some of the subjectively positive effects of smoking is likely to further improve the reach and impact of treatment.

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Biography
Peter Hajek is Professor of Clinical Psychology, Head of Psychology, and Director of Tobacco Dependence Research Unit at Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London. His research is concerned primarily with understanding smoking behaviour, and developing and evaluating smoking cessation treatments. He authored or co-authored over 200 publications, holds various academic and editorial appointments, and had input in the UK Government initiative to establish smoking cessation services. His Unit is involved in examining both behavioural and pharmacological interventions, and in offering treatment to dependent smokers who seek help.

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Peter Hajek
Professor of Clinical Psychology
Queen Mary
Turner Street
London
E1 2AD

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